Incomplete Acquisition in Bilingualism (Studies in Bilingualism)

Age effects have played a particularly prominent role in some theoretical perspectives on second language acquisition. This book takes an entirely new perspective on this issue by re-examining these theories in light of the existence of apparently similar non-native outcomes in adult heritage speakers who, unlike adult second language learners, acquired two or more languages in childhood.

Despite having been exposed to their family language early in life, many of these speakers never fully acquire, or later lose, aspects of their first language sometime in childhood.

The book examines the structural characteristics of "incomplete" grammatical states and highlights how age of acquisition is related to the type of linguistic knowledge and behavior that emerges in L1 and L2 acquisition under different environmental circumstances. By underscoring age of acquisition as a unifying factor in the study of L2 acquisition and L1 attrition, it is claimed that just as there are age effects in L2 acquisition, there are also age effects, or even perhaps a critical period, in L1 attrition.

The book covers adult L2 acquisition, attrition in adults and in children, and includes a comparison of adult heritage language speakers and second language learners.

Table of contents

Acknowledgments

xi–x

Chapter 1. Foundations

1–25

Chapter 2. Second language acquisition

27–61

Chapter 3. First language attrition in adults

63–91

Chapter 4. Bilingualism in early childhood

93–129

Chapter 5. Bilingualism in middle and late childhood

131–159

Chapter 6. Incomplete L1 acquisition in adults

161–206

Chapter 7. Incomplete L1 and L2 acquisition in adults

207–248

Chapter 8. Implications

249–275

References

277–301

Index of authors

303–307

Index of terms

309–312

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