Declarative and Procedural Determinants of Second Languages (Studies in Bilingualism)

This volume is the outcome of the author’s observations and puzzlement over seventeen years of teaching English and French as second languages, followed by 30 years of research into the neurolinguistic aspects of bilingualism.

It examines, within the framework of a neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism (Paradis, 2004), the crucial and pervasive contributions made by declarative and procedural memory to the appropriation, representation and processing of a second language.

This requires careful consideration of a number of concepts associated with issues pertaining to second language research: consciousness, interface, modularity, automaticity, proficiency, accuracy, fluency, intake, ultimate attainment, switching, implicit linguistic competence and explicit metalinguistic knowledge. It is informed by data from a variety of domains, including language pathology, neuroimaging, and, from each side of the fence, practical classroom experience. This book introduces four further proposals within the framework of a neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism:

(1) There are two sets of cerebral representations, those that are capable of reaching consciousness and those that are not; implicit grammar is inherently not capable of reaching consciousness. (2) The increased activation observed in neuroimaging studies during the use of a second language is not devoted to the processing of implicit linguistic competence. (3) Intake is doubly implicit. (4) Given the premise that metalinguistic knowledge cannot be converted into implicit competence, there can be no possible interface between the two.

Table of contents

Preface

ix–xii

Chapter 1. Key concepts, framework, and clarifications

1–35

Chapter 2. Consciousness in L2 appropriation

37–60

Chapter 3. The disintegration of the implicit/explicit interface debate (or interface newspeak?)

61–107

Chapter 4. Ultimate attainment in L2 proficiency

109–136

Chapter 5. Pervasive relevance of the distinction between implicit competence and explicit knowledge

137–186

Summary of key proposals

187–190

References

191–215

Subject index

217–219

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